How Genetic Diversity Affects Designer Dog Breeds: A Case Study on Australian Labradoodles
At Stokeshire Designer Doodles, we prioritize transparency and education in the world of designer dogs. While we don't breed Australian Labradoodles (ALDs), we often encounter families considering them. Understanding the genetic makeup of ALDs can help prospective owners make informed decisions.
The Genetic Blueprint of the Australian Labradoodle
Originally developed in Australia as a hypoallergenic guide dog, the Australian Labradoodle is a crossbreed primarily composed of Poodle genetics, with contributions from Labrador Retrievers and Cocker Spaniels. Over successive generations, breeders have aimed to stabilize desired traits, resulting in a breed that, genetically, is predominantly Poodle.
Coat Type: The Role of Key Genes
The luxurious coats of ALDs are often a significant draw for potential owners. Three primary genes influence their coat characteristics:
RSPO2 (Furnishings): This gene determines the presence of facial hair like eyebrows and mustaches. The dominant variant leads to the "furnished" look typical of ALDs. Dogs lacking this variant may exhibit an "improper coat," characterized by shorter facial hair.
KRT71 (Curl): This gene affects the curliness of the coat. Variants can result in straight, wavy, or curly hair, with heterozygous combinations often producing the desirable wavy texture.
FGF5 (Length): This gene influences hair length. The recessive variant leads to longer coats, contributing to the ALD's signature look.
The interplay of these genes results in the soft, wavy, and low-shedding coats that many associate with ALDs.
Coat Color: A Spectrum of Possibilities
ALDs boast a wide array of coat colors, influenced by multiple genes:
Eumelanin and Phaeomelanin: These pigments determine the base colors, ranging from black and brown (eumelanin) to red and yellow (phaeomelanin).
Dilution Genes (e.g., MLPH): These can lighten coat colors, leading to shades like silver, blue, or lavender.
Pattern Genes: Genes at the A, K, and S loci influence patterns such as sable, brindle, and parti-coloration.
It's noteworthy that some coat colors, like red or chocolate, may fade over time due to genetic factors.
Genetic Diversity and Health Implications
While ALDs were initially bred for hybrid vigor, the emphasis on specific traits has led to a genetic makeup heavily skewed towards Poodles. This concentration can reduce genetic diversity, potentially increasing the risk of inherited health issues. Responsible breeding practices, including genetic testing and careful selection, are essential to maintain the health and vitality of the breed.
Making Informed Choices
For those considering an Australian Labradoodle, understanding the breed's genetic background is crucial. While they offer many appealing traits, it's essential to recognize that their characteristics are deeply rooted in Poodle genetics.
At Stokeshire Designer Doodles, we specialize in breeds like the Australian Mountain Doodle, & Golden Mountain Doodles each offering unique blends of traits. Our commitment to genetic diversity and health ensures that our puppies are not only beautiful but also robust and well-adjusted.
Reference
Ali, M. B., Evans, J. M., Parker, H. G., Kim, J., Pearce-Kelling, S., Whitaker, D. T., Plassais, J., Khan, Q. M., & Ostrander, E. A. (2020). Genetic analysis of the modern Australian labradoodle dog breed reveals an excess of the poodle genome. PLOS Genetics, 16(9), e1008956. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008956